Basic Concepts
What is Visual C++?
Explain the purpose and features of Visual C++.
What is the difference between C and C++?
Discuss key differences such as procedural vs. object-oriented programming.
What are the main features of C++?
Cover features like classes, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and templates.
Explain the concept of object-oriented programming (OOP).
Describe core OOP principles: encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
What are access specifiers in C++?
Discuss public, private, and protected access specifiers and their uses.
What is a constructor and destructor?
Explain the purpose and usage of constructors and destructors in C++.
What is a virtual function?
Describe the concept of virtual functions and their role in achieving polymorphism.
What is the purpose of the static keyword in C++?
Explain the different uses of static for variables and functions.
How does C++ handle memory management?
Discuss the use of new, delete, and smart pointers.
What is a reference variable?
Define reference variables and their differences from pointers.
Intermediate Concepts
What are templates in C++?
Explain template classes and functions, and their benefits.
What is the Standard Template Library (STL)?
Discuss the components of STL, including vectors, lists, maps, and algorithms.
What are the differences between struct and class in C++?
Compare struct and class in terms of default access specifiers and other features.
What is RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)?
Explain how RAII is used in C++ to manage resource allocation and deallocation.
What is operator overloading?
Describe how operators can be overloaded to work with user-defined types.
What is exception handling in C++?
Explain the use of try, catch, throw, and finally (C++11 and later) for exception handling.
What is a pure virtual function?
Define pure virtual functions and their role in creating abstract classes.
What is the difference between public, protected, and private inheritance?
Discuss how inheritance access specifiers affect class members.
Explain the use of const keyword in C++.
Describe how const can be used with variables, pointers, and member functions.
What is the friend class or function?
Explain how friend classes and functions can access private and protected members.
Advanced Concepts
What is multiple inheritance?
Discuss the concept of multiple inheritance and its complexities in C++.
What is dynamic polymorphism?
Explain how dynamic polymorphism is achieved using virtual functions and base class pointers.
What are smart pointers and why are they used?
Describe unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr, and their advantages over raw pointers.
What are lambda expressions in C++11?
Define lambda expressions and their use cases.
What is the move semantics in C++11?
Explain the concept of move semantics and its benefits for performance.
What is a constexpr function?
Describe the role of constexpr in compile-time evaluation of functions.
What is std::thread in C++11?
Discuss the basics of using std::thread for multithreading in C++.
What is a decltype?
Explain how decltype is used to deduce the type of an expression.
What is the noexcept specifier?
Describe the purpose of noexcept and its impact on exception handling.
What is a decltype(auto)?
Discuss how decltype(auto) can be used to deduce the type of a return value.
Practical Programming
How do you handle file I/O in Visual C++?
Explain file operations using streams (ifstream, ofstream, fstream).
How do you manage resources in a C++ program?
Discuss resource management strategies, including RAII and smart pointers.
What are some common performance optimization techniques in C++?
Provide examples of performance optimization methods, such as inlining functions and optimizing loops.
How do you debug a C++ program in Visual Studio?
Explain common debugging tools and techniques available in Visual Studio.
What are some common pitfalls in C++ programming?
Discuss issues such as memory leaks, dangling pointers, and undefined behavior.
How do you implement a singleton pattern in C++?
Describe the singleton design pattern and its implementation.
What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy?
Explain the concepts and provide examples of both types of copying.
How do you implement a custom allocator in C++?
Discuss the concept of custom memory allocators and their use cases.
What is the C++ memory model?
Describe the C++ memory model, including issues related to thread safety and atomic operations.
How do you use Visual Studio's static code analysis tools?
Explain the use of static analysis tools available in Visual Studio for code quality checks.
Additional Topics
What is the difference between #include and #import?
Compare these preprocessor directives and their uses.
How do you handle platform-specific code in Visual C++?
Discuss methods for writing portable code and handling platform-specific features.
What are the differences between new and malloc?
Explain the differences in memory allocation and initialization.
How do you use std::shared_ptr and std::weak_ptr to avoid cyclic dependencies?
Discuss how to manage shared ownership and avoid memory leaks with cyclic dependencies.
What is the role of std::tuple and how is it used?
Describe std::tuple and its applications in C++ programming.
What is std::future and std::promise in C++11?
Explain how std::future and std::promise are used for asynchronous programming.
How do you implement a custom exception in C++?
Provide examples of defining and using custom exceptions.
What are the differences between std::vector and std::list?
Compare these two STL containers in terms of their use cases and performance characteristics.
What is the std::optional feature in C++17?
Discuss how std::optional can be used to represent optional values.
How do you use std::algorithm functions?
Describe common STL algorithms and their use cases, such as std::sort, std::find, and std::transform.
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